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OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanism of Danshen decoction influencing platelet physiological characteristics and function in hyperlipidemia model rats based on platelet membrane glycoprotein 4 （CD36）/phosphatidylinositol 3- kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway. METHODS The hyperlipidemia model rats were induced by feeding high- fat diet， and then randomly divided into model group， simvastatin group （0.004 g/kg）， Danshen decoction high-dose and low-dose groups （3.6， 0.9 g/kg）， and blank group （fed with basic feed）， with 10 rats in each group. Rats in each administration group were intragastrically administered with corresponding drugs every day， and the other groups were intragastrically administered with equal volume of normal saline for 4 weeks. After the last administration， the contents of blood lipid biochemical indexes [total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）]， whole blood viscosity， plasma viscosity and fibrinogen （FIB）content in plasma， platelet-related parameters [platelet count （PLT）， platelet distribution width （PDW） and mean plateletvolume （MPV）] were detected. The levels of plateletphysiological characteristics and function-related factors [von Willebrand factor （vWF）， fibronectin （Fn）， phospholipase A2（PLA2）， thromboxane B2 （TXB2）， 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α （6-keto-PGF1α）， thromboxane A2 （TXA2）， prostaglandin I2 （PGI2）， cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP）， cyclic guanosine monophosphate （cGMP）， β-thromboglobulin （β-TG）]， platelet aggregation rate （maximum aggregation rate， 60 s aggregation rate， 180 s aggregation rate） and fibrinolytic system-related factors [tissue plasminogen activator （t-PA）， plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 （PAI-1）] and the expressions of CD36/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related proteins [CD36， focal adhesion kinase （FAK）， phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase （PIP5K）， PI3K， phosphorylated Akt （p-Akt）， p-Akt1/2/3] in platelet were all determined. RESULTS Compared with blank group， the contents of TC， TG and LDL-C in plasma， whole blood viscosity， plasma viscosity， the plasma levels of FIB， PLT， MPV， vWF， Fn， PLA2， TXB2， TXA2， cGMP and β-TG， maximum platelet aggregation rate， 60 s aggregation rate， the expressions of PAI-1 in plasma， protein expressions of CD36， FAK， PIP5K， PI3K， p-Akt and p-Akt1/2/3 were significantly increased in the model group （P＜0.05）. The content of HDL-C and the levels of 6-keto-PGF1α， PGI2 and t-PA were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）. After the intervention of Danshen decoction， most of the above indexes were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Danshen decoction can improve the physiological characteristics and function of platelets in hyperlipidemia model rats， and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of CD36/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activity and the reduction of platelet activation.
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of hyperlipidemia in 18-80 years old in Ningxia by structural equation model, and to analyze the direct and indirect effects of influencing factors of hyperlipidemia, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures. Methods A total of 925 patients with hyperlipidemia from a chronic disease survey in 4 counties of Ningxia in April 2017 were selected as the case group (n=925), and residents without hyperlipidemia matched by sex and age were selected as the control group (n=925). A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the two groups of subjects. SPSS 22.0 software was used to conduct single factor T or Z test or χ2 test for the possible influencing factors of hyperlipidemia, and Amos22.0 was used to construct structural equation model. Results The structural equation model showed that physiological condition had the greatest effect on hyperlipidemia, and the standardized regression coefficient was -0.351. The second was the monitoring of three key blood indicators (three-high indicators), and the total effect value was 0.082, while personal condition and dietary status had no direct influence on the prevalence of hyperlipidemia. Conclusion Physiological status is the most important factor affecting the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in 18 ~ 80 years old in Ningxia, followed by the monitoring of the three-high indicators. In the future, residents should be encouraged to strengthen health management, especially people with overweight, high uric acid, high blood glucose and hypertension, to control the level of blood lipids and reduce the incidence of hyperlipidemia.
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Introducción: La obesidad, especialmente la visceral, constituye un factor de riesgo principal para múltiples enfermedades tales como: diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, enfermedades cardiovasculares, aterosclerosis, dislipidemias, enfermedad por hígado graso no alcohólico y cáncer. Se plantea que el estrés oxidativo podría ser el factor causal común de las comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad. Objetivo: Evaluar el balance prooxidante/antioxidante en ratas con obesidad inducida con glutamato monosódico. Material y Métodos: Ratas Wistar hembras recibieron glutamato monosódico (4 mg/g de peso corporal) para inducir obesidad o NaCl 0,9 por ciento (Controles) subcutáneamente en período neonatal. A los 90 días, se confirmó la obesidad. Se les practicó eutanasia a los 180 días para la obtención de sangre e hígado para la determinación de marcadores bioquímicos. Resultados: Las ratas obesas presentaron niveles incrementados de TAG, AU, insulina e índices HOMA y TyG. Se constataron mayores concentraciones de nitratos y nitritos, productos avanzados de la oxidación de proteínas y productos de oxidación de la 2-desoxirribosa en el ADN en las ratas obesas. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la obesidad inducida con glutamato monosódico reproduce las principales alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a la obesidad visceral humana, dentro de las que se incluye el estrés oxidativo. Este modelo podría ser útil en la evaluación de estrategias terapéuticas para prevenir o disminuir complicaciones asociadas a la obesidad(AU)
Introduction: Obesity, especially visceral, is a major risk factor for several diseases such as Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Oxidative stress may be a unifying mechanism for the development of major obesity-related comorbidities. Objective: To evaluate the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in monosodium glutamate-induced obesity in Wistar rats (MSG- obese rats). Material and Methods: Female Wistar rats received subcutaneous (sc) injections of monosodium glutamate solution (4 mg/g of body weight) or vehicle (NaCl 0,9 percent; control) to induce obesity during the neonatal period. At 90 days of life, obesity was determined. At 180 days of life, rats were anesthetized and killed to obtain blood and liver samples for the determination of biochemical markers. Results: MSG obese rats presented significantly higher triglycerides, uric acid and insulin levels, as well as elevated HOMA and TyG indexes. Increased concentrations of nitrate and nitrite, 2-deoxyribose oxidation products and advanced oxidation protein products levels were observed in obese rats. Conclusions: Obesity induced by monosodium glutamate reproduces the main metabolic alterations associated with human visceral obesity, among which oxidative stress is included. This model may be useful for the evaluation of therapeutic strategies to prevent or decrease complications associated with obesity(AU)
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Rats , Sodium Glutamate , Rats, Wistar , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Antioxidants , ComorbidityABSTRACT
Abstract Case description: Case of lipemia retinalis secondary to hyperchylomicronemia in a 40-year-old man with a history of total body irradiation and immunosuppressive treatment that was attended in this hospital due to decreased visual acuity and abdominal pain. Clinical findings: Hyperchylomicronemia caused the development of acute pancreatitis and lipemia retinalis. The latter is an infrequent ocular manifestation that reflects excessive triglyceride blood levels in the organism (>2,000 mg/dL). Lipemia retinalis is characterized by the accumulation of chylomicrons in the retinal vessels, which gives them a white and creamy appearance in direct retinal ophthalmoscopy. The initial clinical suspicion of hyperchylomicronemia was based on the visualization of the supernatant in the analytical tube. Treatment and result: In the absence of definitive biochemical results, and owing to the need for special processing of the sample, lipid-lowering treatment and serum therapy were established after ophthalmological confirmation of lipemia retinalis, with subsequent full recovery of visual acuity. Clinical relevance: Given the initial difficulty to determine the accurate triglyceride levels in this kind of patient, early visualization of milky-colored retinal vessels on a salmon-colored eye fundus can help develop an early clinical suspicion of severe hyperchylomicronemia and contribute to limit the severity of complications.
Resumen Descripción del caso: Caso de lipemia retinalis secundaria a hiperquilomicronemia en varón de 40 años con antecedentes de irradiación corporal total y medicación inmunosupresora que acude al hospital por disminución de agudeza visual y dolor abdominal. Hallazgos clínicos: La hiperquilomicronemia contribuyó al desarrollo de pancreatitis aguda y lipemia retinalis. Esta última es una manifestación ocular infrecuente que refleja unos parámetros excesivos de triglicéridos en el organismo (>2,000 mg/dL). La Lipemia Retinalis consiste en la acumulación de quilomicrones en los vasos retinianos lo que les confiere un aspecto blanco y cremoso en la oftalmoscopia retiniana directa. La sospecha clínica inicial de hiperquilomicronemia se produjo por la visualización de sobrenadante en el tubo analítico. Tratamiento y resultado: Sin tener resultados definitivos bioquímicos, por necesidad de procesamiento especial de la muestra, se instauró tratamiento hipolipemiante y sueroterapia tras la confirmación oftalmológica de Lipemia Retinalis con recuperación total de la agudeza visual. Relevancia clínica: Dada la dificultad inicial para determinar las cifras reales de triglicéridos en este tipo de pacientes, la visualización precoz de vasos retinianos de color lechoso sobre lecho de color asalmonado en el fondo de ojo puede ser de ayuda para elaborar una sospecha clínica temprana de hiperquilomicronemia severa que contribuya a limitar la gravedad de las complicaciones.
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Adult , Humans , Male , Pancreatitis , Retinal Diseases , Hypertriglyceridemia , Hyperlipidemias , Retinal Diseases/diagnosis , Retinal Diseases/etiology , Acute DiseaseABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the impact of oat beta-glucans on blood levels of lipids, glucose, and inflammatory factors in patients with hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia.Methods:A total of 120 patients with hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia were randomized into intervention ( n = 60) and control groups ( n = 60). In addition to the routine nutritional consultation, two groups received oral oat beta-glucan at 3 g/d (intervention) or lotus root powder at 3 g/d (control), respectively. Blood levels of lipids, glucose, insulin and inflammatory factors, body composition and bowel movement were compared between the two groups after 12 weeks of study intervention. The treatment effect was represented by intention-to-treat analysis. Results:A total of 109 participants completed the study. The total cholesterol [(5.18±0.69) mmol/L vs (5.25±0.88) mmol/L, P=0.024] and fasting plasma glucose [(5.50±0.82) mmol/L vs (5.98±1.33) mmol/L, P=0.002] in the intervention group were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusion:Oral oat beta-glucans could decrease the total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose in participants with mild hyperlipemia/hyperglycemia.
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ObjectiveTo explore the pathogenesis and syndrome differentiation of Pi-deficiency syndrome (PDS) from microRNA (miRNA) levels through screening and bioinformatic analysis of serum miRNA expression in PDS patients. MethodsFour hyperlipemia patients with PDS, 4 hyperlipemia patients with Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDS) and 5 healthy volunteers were recruited. Their serum RNA was used in miRNA quantitative PCR array experiment. Serum miRNA expression profiles in PDS patients were screened to perform bioinformatic analysis. ResultsNine candidate miRNAs (6 upregulated and 3 downregulated) were screened from PDS patients. These miRNAs were able to clearly distinguish among PDS patients, PWDS patients and healthy volunteers. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed 83 target genes controlled by 6 up-regulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in 7 pathways, which were mainly involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, pathogens of infectious diseases, immune/inflammatory-related signaling pathway and pancreatic cancer; and 365 target genes controlled by 3 down-regulated miRNAs were significantly enriched in 5 pathways, which were mainly involved in signaling pathways of neurotrophin and phosphatidylinositol, RNA transport, and metabolisms of inositol phosphate and amino acid. ConclusionOur findings provide potential miRNA biomarkers for clinical syndrome differentiation of PDS patients, as well as information for understanding and studying the pathogenesis of PDS patients.
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OBJECTIVE：To investigate the effects of Buyang huanwu decoction on lipid metabolism and hepatic tissue in hyperlipemia model rats. METHODS ：Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group ，model group ，positive control group （simvastatin 0.004 g/kg），Buyang huanwu decoction low-dose and high-dose groups （3.5，14.0 g/kg，by crude drugs），with 10 rats in each group. Except that blank control group was given water intragastrically ，hyperlipidemia mode of other groups was established by intragastric administration of fat emulsion according to the body weight. From the 21st day after modeling，the rats in each group were given water or fat emulsion in the morning and water or corresponding drugs in the afternoon for consecutive 20 days. After last medication ，the contents of TG ，TC，LDL-C，ALT，AST，LCAT，PLTP and HL in plasma were determined in each group ；the contents of LPL ，MTP and HMG-CoA redutase in liver tissue were also determined. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed in each group. RESULTS ：Compared with blank control group ，the contents of TG ，TC，LDL-C，ALT and HMG-CoA reductase were increased significantly in model group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01），while the contents of HL ，LPL and MTP were decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ，the contents of TG ，TC， LDL-C and HMG-CoA reductase in administration groups as well as the contents of ALT ，AST in Buyang huanwu decoction low-dose and high-dose groups were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；the contents of HL and MTP in administration groups as well as the content of LPL in positive control group were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Pathological sections showed that the hepatocytes of model group were arranged irregularly ，and there was obvious cell steatosis. The hepatocytes in positive control group and Buyang Huanwu decoction high-dose group had almost no abnormal change compared with blank control gr oup，and there was a small amount of slight cell steatosis in Buyang Huanwu decoction low-dose group. CONCLUSIONS ： Buyang huanwu decoction has a 础。E-mail：zhang520-888@163.com significant lipid-lowering effect on hyperlipemia model rats ，which may be related to the regulation of lipid absorptiontransport and metabolism by regulating the expression of lipid 126.com metabolism related enzymes and transporter.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of total flavonoids of Mori Cortex (TFMC) in improving hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia related nephropathy. Methods The molecular structure of URAT1 protein and structure of Mori Cortex total flavonoids extract were docked by selecting the effective components of total flavonoids extract of Mori Cortex and related genes of uric acid. Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group, model group, TFMC group (1.0 g/kg) and benzbromarone group (6.25 mg/kg). The hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia model was established by feeding with high fat diet plus adenine and ethylamine butanol. After 16 weeks, the levels of blood glucose and blood lipids in serum, uric acid (UA), creatinine (CRE), and urea nitrogen (BUN) of rats in each group were compared. The renal pathological changes were observed by hematoxylin eosin staining. The expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), uric acid anion exchange transporter 1 (URAT1) and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) were detected by qRT-PCR. Results The main component of moracin of total flavonoids of Mori Cortex was the high target of the genes related to uric acid, suggesting that the moracin might be the main active component in the improvement of hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia related nephropathy. After 16 weeks of drug intervention, the serum levels of Glu, TC, TG, LDL-C, UA, CRE and BUN in the model group were significantly higher than those in the normal group, and the level of HDL-C in the model group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P < 0.05, 0.01). Compared with the model group, the above biochemical indexes in the TFMC group and the benzbromarone group were significantly decreased and HDL-C was significantly increased (P < 0.05, 0.01). The results of HE staining showed that the epithelial cells of renal tubules in the model group were swollen and necrotized, and the protein tubules could be seen in the renal tubules. In the TFMC group, some renal tubular epithelial cells were slightly swollen, and no inflammatory cells infiltrated around them. The structures of renal cortex and medullary were clear, and no hyperplasia or atrophy in glomerular were found, no tubular type and inflammatory cell infiltration in renal interstitial tissue of rats in benzbrommarone group were observed. The results of qRT-PCR showed that, compared with the normal group, the content of IL-6, TNF-α, and URAT1 mRNA was significantly increased, the content of OAT1 mRNA was significantly decreased in the model group; The content of above indicators was decreased and OAT1 was increased after drug intervention, (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion The improvement of hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia associated nephropathy may be related to the regulation of IL-6, TNF-α, URAT1, and OAT1 mRNA. Mori Cortex has obvious influence on the key factor of hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia with URAT1 as its potential target, and the results of molecular virtual docking and animal experiments are similar. It provides a theoretical basis for further study on the improvement of hyperlipidemia and hyperuricemia related nephropathy and provides a reference for the further molecular mechanism.
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Life style changes with economic and social development, including a improper diet, cause diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and other metabolic disturbances, which has become a major threat to the health of people around the world. Dendrobii Caulis, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with various medicinal and health-care effects, is derived from different species of Dendrobium, which is traditionally used for “consumptive thirst syndrom”. In recent years, its preventive effects on metabolic disturbances have been attracting more and more attention with the high incidence of metabolic disturbances. This paper aims to review the recent achievements of different Dendrobium species in preventive and therapeutic effects and its traditional functions on metabolic disturbances, mainly in diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, probable mechanisms were summarized based on its traditional functions. Dendrobii Caulis was effective on metabolic disturbances primarily relevant to its conventional functions including replenishing yin for maintaining gastric tonicity, promoting body fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing heat, which is helpful for treatment of spleen impediment with abdominal flatulence and interior heat, the source of various metabolic disturbances in traditional medicine. This review provids reference for mechanism research and clinical application of Dendrobium in metabolic disturbances prevention and treatment.
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Objective: To investigate the difference of lipid-lowering effect of raw and processed Crataegi Fructus, and to select the optimal antihyperlipidemic product. Methods The hyperlipidemia model of SD rats was induced by high fat diet. After administration of Crataegi Fructus (1.5 g/kg), fried and coked Crataegi Fructus (1.5 g/kg), the changes of serum metabolites were analyzed by 1H-NMR technique combined with multivariate statistical analysis. Results :Different processing products of Crataegi Fructus can significantly reduce the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C in hyperlipidemia rats, among which Crataegi Fructus had best hypolipidemic effects. The serum contents of lactate, pyruvate, lysine, creatine, glycerol, ornithine, TMAO, α-ketoisovaleric acid, O-acetylglycoprotein, N-acetylglycoprotein, leucine and isoleucine were increased in model group, while choline, acetone, threonine, scyllitol, glutamine, glutamic acid, MUFA, PUFA, GPC, and glucose were decreased compared with control group. After administration of different processing products of Crataegi Fructus, endogenous metabolites were recovered significantly. The effect of Crataegi Fructus on hyperlipidemia was superior to those of fried and coked Crataegi Fructus according to the degree and number of the metabolites recovered. Conclusion: There are differences between the raw and processed Crataegi Fructus, and raw Crataegi Fructus showed the best effect on hyperlipidemia, the effect may be achieved through regulating oxidative stress, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbiota.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of scutellarin after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats with hyperlipemia, by observing the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 assaciated X protein (Bax) in cerebral cortex with hyperlipemia. Methods: After the rat model of hyperlipidemia was established, the focal cerebral ischemiareperfusion model in hyperlipemia rats was established with thread embolism of the middle cerebral artery. The neurobehavioral score was used to observe the symptoms of neurobehavioral injury. 2,3,5 -triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to observe the cerebral infarct volume. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of brain tissue. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to observe the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax. Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, the neurobehavioral scores,cerebral infarction volum and pathologic damage were significantly increased, the expressions of Bcl-2 was significantly lower, the expressions of Bax was significantly increased in ischemia-reperfusion group(P<0. 05). Compared with the saline group, the neurobehavioral scores, cerebral infarction volum and pathologic damage were significantly decreased, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, the expression of Bax was significantly decreased in scutellarin treatment group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: In cerebral ischemiareperfusion injury rats with hyperlipemia, scutellarin can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by promoting the expression of Bcl-2 and inhibiting the expression of Bax.
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OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of pitavastatin comparison of atorvastatin in the treatment of primary hypedipemia in Chinese adults,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,Wanfang database,and manually search Google Scholar,Baidu academic search engine,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about pitavastatin (trial group) vs.atorvastatin (control group) in the treatment of primary hyperlipemia in Chinese adults were collected.After literature screening,data extraction,quality evaluation of included studies with modified Jadad scale,Meta-analysis of the levels of total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),response rate and the incidence of ADR was conducted by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 5 RCTs were included,involving 456 patients.Results of Meta-analysis showed that the decrease of TC level [MD=0.09,95％CI(0.01,0.16),P=0.03] in trial group was more better than control group,while the increase of HDL-C level [MD=0.08,95％ CI (0.01,0.14),P=0.03] and the decrease of the TG level [MD=-0.13,95％ CI (-0.20,-0.06),P=0.000 4] in trial group were worse than control group,with statistical significance.There was no statistical difference in the decrease of LDL-C[MD=-0.01,95％ CI (-0.13,0.10),P=0.84],response rate [OR=0.75,95％CI (0.15,3.66),P=0.72] or the incidence of ADR [OR=0.68,95 ％ CI (0.44,1.05),P=0.08] between 2 groups.CONCLUSIONS:Pitavastatin has better therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TC,but its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing LDL-C is similar to that of atorvastatin;its therapeutic efficacy in decreasing TG and increasing HDL-C is worse than that of atorvastatin.The safety of them is equivalent.
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Objective To study the effect of Shenlingbaizhu Pills on hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota in guinea pigs, providing data support for the treatment of hyperlipidemia from the " spleen" . Methods Guinea pigs were randomly divided into control group, model group, ezetimibe group, Shenlingbaizhu Pills high and low dose groups, with 12 guinea pigs for each group. Guinea pig models of hyperlipidemia were established with high fat diet for 8 weeks. Oral administration of the drug began at the fifth week and continued for 4 weeks. The serum lipid levels of guinea pigs were determined after final administration. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by HE staining. The mRNA expression levels of ATP binding cassette ( ABC ) A1 in liver, Niemann Pick C1 like 1 ( NPC1L1) and ABCG5/8 in small intestine were detected by realtime PCR. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect changes of gut microbiotas in guinea pigs. Results Shenlingbaizhu Pills significantly reduced the serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in guinea pigs with hyperlipidemia ( P＜0. 01 or P＜0.05). The pathological degree of fatty liver was improved obviously by Shenlingbaizhu Pills. Shenlingbaizhu Pills could reduce the mRNA expression level of NPC1L1 of small intestine and increase the level of liver ABCA1 and small intestine ABCG5/8 (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05). At the phylum level, Shenlingbaizhu Pills could reduce the proportion of verrucomicrobia of guinea pigs in model group (P＜0.01); At the genus level, Shenlingbaizhu Pills could increase the proportions of erysipelotrichaceae＿unclassified, ruminococcus＿1, and ileibacterium of guinea pigs in model group (P＜0. 01 or P＜0. 05 ), reduce the proportion of akkermansia and eubacterium＿coprostanoligenes＿group ( P＜0.01). Conclusion Shenlingbaizhu Pills had significantly therapeutic effect on hyperlipidemia, and its specific mechanism was related to the regulation of cholesterol transport and intestinal flora.
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Bile acids play critical roles in the regulation of metabolism and absorption of lipids. The ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) located at the enterocyte brush border is responsible for the reuptake of bile acids and the maintenance of bile acid homeostasis. Recently, a number of investigations have been made concerning the regulation and control of ASBT and the relationship between ASBT and intestinal inflammation, tumorigenesis, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia, which suggests ASBT as a potential therapeutic target of these diseases. In this review, advances in the study of above-mentioned issues were summarized.
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Aim To primarily discuss the mechanism of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction on prevention and treatment of hyperlipemia,through investigating hepat-ic expressions of peroxisome proliferator activated re-ceptor-α(PPARα)and acyl CoA oxidase (ACO)in rats with hyperlipemia. Methods Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats(160 ~ 180 g)were randomly divided into five groups:control group,model group,high-dose of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction group (H-RAD),low-dose of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction group(L-RAD), and Xue-Zhi-Kang group(XZK). Rats in control group were fed with ordinary forage,and the others were with high-fat forage,which lasted for four weeks. At the same time,high and low-dose of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction,as well as Xuezhikang capsule,was admin-istered in respectively designed groups. Then,the TC, TG,HDL and LDL of serum were detected,the mor-phology of liver tissues was observed with HE,and the expressions of PPARα and ACO were detected with RT-PCR and Western blot after four weeks. Results Rhizoma Alismatis decoction could significantly reduce serum concentration of TC,TG and LDL(P < 0. 01), while increasing the concentration of HDL(P < 0. 01) and strengthening the expressions of PPARα and ACO (P < 0. 01). Conclusion Strengthening the expres-sions of PPARα and ACO can be viewed as mecha-nisms of Rhizoma Alismatis decoction in prevention and treatment of hyperlipemia.
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Objective To investigate the significance of miR-103 as noninvasive biomarker for diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods The serum samples were collected from healthy subjects and NALFD patients to detect biochemical parameters.NucleoZOL method was used to isolate serum miRNA.SYBR Green qPCR was used for relatively quantitative analysis of miR103a-2.The correlations between miR-103a-2 and biochemical parameters were analyzed by Spearman method.Results Compared with healthy control group,the levels of total cholesterol (TC),triacylglyceride (TG),alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT) were all significantly increased in NAFLD group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the NAFLD group accompanying ortholiposis,the levels of TC,TG and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were all significantly increased in the NAFLD group accompanying dyslipidemia (P ＜0.01).Compared with the healthy control group,the level of serum miR-103a-2 increased in both NAFLD with ortholiposis group (P ＜ 0.05) and NAFLD with dyslipidemia group (P ＜ 0.01).The level of serum miR-103a-2 was positively correlated with serum TC (r =0.495,P =0.001).Conclusion Serum miR-103a-2 may be a more sensitive parameter for noninvasive screening of NAFLD than the parameters of blood lipid.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of hyperlipidemia on pulmonary uptake in the patients inhaling sevoflurane for anesthesia.Methods A total of 103 patients of both sexes,aged 20-50 yr,with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m2,of American.Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia,were enrolled in the study.Anesthesia was induced with iv midazolam 0.1 mg/kg,vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg,fentanyl 0.l mg/kg and etomidate 0.3 mg/kg.Patients were mechanically ventilated after endotracheal intubation.Patients inhaled 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min at an oxygen flow rate of 2 L/min.The inspired concentrations (Fi) and expired concentrations (Fe,Fe≈alveolar concentration [Fa]) of sevoflurane were recorded at 1,3,5,7,10,15,20 and 30 min of inhalation (T0-7).Patients were divided into either control group group C) or hyperlipidemia group (group H) according to the results of blood lipid levels after the end of observation.The ratio of Fa/Fi and time spent in reaching the titration value (Fa/Fi =0.8) were calculated in each group.Results There were 67 cases in group C and 36 cases in group H.Compared with group C,the Fa/Fi ratio was significantly decreased at 5,7 and 10 min of inhalation,and the time spent in reaching the titration value was prolonged in group H (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The pulmonary uptake of sevoflurane is increased,which may be associated with increased blood/gas partition coefficient.
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OBJECTIVE:To obverse the efficacy and safety of tolynicate and napthylacetic acid and atorvastation combined with Danshen injection in the treatment of alcoholic hyperlipemia syndrome. METHODS:21 patients with alcoholic hyperlipemia syndrome were enrolled. All patients were given maintaining acid-base balance,oxygen inhalation and other conventional treatment. Based on it,they were orally given 75 mg Tolynicate and napthylacetic acid tablet,3 times a day+20 mg Atorvastatin calcium tab-let,once a day+4 ml Compound danshen injection,adding into 150 ml 5% Glucose injection by intravenous infusion,once a day. The treatment course for both groups was 30 d. Clinical efficacy,ALT,AST,TBIL,TC,TG,RBC and Hb before and after 6, 12,18,24 and 30 d,and incidence of adverse reactions were observed. RESULTS:After treatment,the total effective rate was 95.3%and incidence of adverse reactions was 28.5%. The ALT,AST and TBIL after 6,12,18,24 and 30 h and TC and TG after 18,24 and 30 h were significantly lower than before and gradually decreased by time;RBC and Hb after 12,18,24 and 30 h were significantly higher than before and gradually increased by time,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:tolynicate and napthylacetic acid and atorvastation combined with Danshen injection is effective in the treatment of al-coholic hyperlipemia syndrome,with good safety.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Tiaozhi Decoction for the treatment of coronary heart disease induced stable angina complicated with hyperlipemia, and to observe its effect on serum inflammatory factors. Results One hundred qualified patients were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group. Both groups were given conventional western medical treatment with reference to Guide for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Stable Angina, and additionally, the control group was given oral use of Simvastatin and the treatment group was given Tiaozhi Decoction orally. The treatment of the two groups covered 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, blood lipid levels of total cholesterol ( TC) , triglyceride ( TG) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) , high- density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) , apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were observed. The frequency of angina pectoris attack and the dosage of Nitroglycerin Tablets per week in both groups were recorded during the treatment. Therapeutic effect on lowering blood lipid and on improving electrocardiogram was evaluated after treatment. Serum levels of hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteic acid (Hcy), adiponectin (APN), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) were detected before and after treatment. Results(1) The results of Ridit analysis showed that the treatment group had better therapeutic effect on lowering blood lipid and on improving electrocardiogram than the control group ( P<0.05) . ( 2) After treatment, TG, HDL-C, ApoB and ApoA levels were much improved in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01) . ( 3) The frequency of angina pectoris attack and the dosage of Nitroglycerin Tablets per week were reduced in the treatment group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01) . (4) After treatment, the treatment group had lower hs-CRP, IL-6, Hcy and ox-LDL levels, and higher APN level than the control group (P<0.01) . Conclusion Tiaozhi Decoction is effective for the treatment of coronary heart disease induced stable angina complicated with hyperlipemia through improving lipid metabolism and reducing angina pectoris attack, and the mechanism may be related with the regulation of inflammatory factors.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of Xueshuantong Injection (lyophilized, main constituents are total saponins of Panax notoginseng with content of 95%) on the platelet function of rabbits with hyperlipemia. Methods: The model was made by giving the food with high fat to rabbits for 2 weeks, then Xueshuantong Injection (6.25, 12.50, and 25.00 mg/kg) was iv given once daily for 14 d and the function of platelet was tested after preparing serum and plasma by taking blood form carotid artery. Results: Xueshuantong Injection could reduce blood lipid levels, inhibit the platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA, & COLL, and reduce the aggregation curve slope & the aggregation delay; lower the expression levels of VCAM-1, PF4, and P-selectin; prolong the APTT, and decrease the level of FIB. Conclusion: Xueshuantong injection (lyophilized) has the anti-aggregation function.